July meeting: The ECB hiked its three key interest rates by 50bp for the first time in more than a decade, bringing its rates out of negative territory.

Italian government crisis, likely outcome: snap elections the most likely outcome. Prime Minister Draghi would remain at the helm of a caretaker government, until a new one is formed after the elections.

The most common models to assess asset returns are a linear combination of risk factors.

The energy crisis in Europe, coupled with supply chain bottlenecks worldwide, and accelerated monetary tightening are the major headwinds for the Eurozone and for the Spanish economy.

The growth outlook for Italy has been revised down on tighter financing conditions and monetary policy normalization, coupled with the energy crisis in Europe and global value chain bottlenecks.

Last year global sustainable debt issuance hit a record of over $1.4tn, with the overall sustainable debt universe expanding to near $3.4tn.

The three major central banks issued restrictive signals last week. The banks have succeeded in changing the course of their monetary policies without harming the markets.

Global ESG bond markets are bound to deliver another record year of new issuance volumes, led by broad-based dynamic activity in all its major segments.

The resurgence of Covid-19 cases in some countries is an area for attention, but should not lead to new generalised lockdowns due to vaccinations which are progressing at a strong pace.